Commentary

In its recent advisory opinion on States’ obligations in relation to climate change, the ICJ addressed several important dimensions of international environmental law. Most notably, it […]

After the 18th Amendment[1] to the Constitution[2], goods are taxed by the federal legislature, and the services by the provinces[3]. There is no concurrency in tax. For a particular transaction, the tax is either levied by the federal legislature, or by the provinces. Under the current framework, the supply of goods is taxed by the center under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. The provinces, after the 18th Amendment, have promulgated provincial legislations to bring the taxation on services within their provincial domain.

The Competition Law in South Asia: A Policy of Diffusion and Transfer is the first book of its kind in Pakistan on this subject. It is […]

The precautionary principle is often underemphasized in discussions of international environmental law, but this principle is important as it shifts the burden of proof to those […]

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a vital component of professional life worldwide. In almost every profession, such as medicine, engineering, accounting, teaching, and public administration, professionals […]

The case Mubashir Iqbal Zafar v. Ministry of Defence, through its secretary, was recently decided by the Honorable Ms. Justice Ayesha A. Malik regarding the implementation […]

Earlier this year, the second part of the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) came to a close. Just by this, you can tell […]

The Islamabad High Court’s recent judgment, addressing the hazardous and degrading working conditions of sewerage laborers, represents a significant development in Pakistan’s constitutional discourse on equality, […]

The National Commission for Minorities’ Rights Bill 2025 represents a landmark step in Pakistan’s legislative response to the protection of religious minorities. This legislation operationalizes a […]

Justice Ali Baqar Najafi’s additional note in the Noor Muqaddam judgment – where he frames an unimaginably brutal murder as a warning against “vice” and “living […]

The comparison between the 18th Amendment and the later 26th–27th Amendments becomes even sharper when examined through the lens of constitutionalism and the basic structure doctrine. […]

The debate over the “Basic Structure” of the Constitution of Pakistan resurfaces after every major constitutional amendment. The theory suggests that certain core features of a […]

Introduction: Late Justice Antonin Scalia of the United States Supreme Court was a curmudgeonly textualist. So hardwired was he to his philosophy of textualism that any […]

Islamabad, October 27, 2025 – The National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA) proudly unveiled its flagship publication, “Navigating Legal Horizons: Seafarers’ Manual on Naval Operations and […]

Women constitute more than half of the population of Pakistan. However, they seldom get financial freedom due to the patriarchal nature of the society and structural […]

The public relationship with artificial intelligence is becoming deeply personal. When OpenAI’s GPT-4o was briefly taken offline, users did not simply complain about losing an app but described […]

Co-authored by Kamran Adil and Warda Kamran Adil INTRODUCTION Due to the application of Hans Kelsen’s theory in a foundational constitutional case in Pakistan, he is […]